Metodologi Penyusunan Kitab Hadist

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the historical development and methodologies used in compiling Hadith books and the sciences of Hadith (Ulumul Hadis). Hadith, as the second source of Islamic teachings after the Qur’an, largely possesses the characteristic of zhanniyat al-tsubût (probabilistic authenticity), thus requiring comprehensive efforts from scholars to preserve its originality through codification. The research methodology employed is library research with a qualitative–descriptive analytical approach that explores classical and contemporary literature. The findings show that the history of codifying Hadith books and Ulumul Hadis developed gradually, beginning from the early stages of documentation (1st century AH) to the periods of refinement and supplementation (4th–6th centuries AH). Initially, Hadiths were compiled together with the legal opinions of the Companions and Successors, then later separated and classified according to their levels of authenticity (ṣaḥīḥ, ḥasan, ḍa‘īf). The methodologies used in compiling Hadith books are highly diverse, categorized according to theories proposed by scholars such as Manna’ al-Qattān, Ajjāj al-Khaṭīb, M. Syuhudi Ismail, and Imam al-Nawawī. The typology of Hadith compilation includes the Musnad method (based on narrator/Companion), Musannaf or Muwaṭṭa’ (based on legal chapters), Ṣaḥīḥ, Sunan, Mustadrak, Mustakhraj, Juz’, and commentary works (sharḥ books).